Thursday, February 27, 2014

Life without 10th Board Exams

(Reproduced from my article originally published on my-opera site on Tuesday, September 15, 2009)

In India everybody thinks that student community is stressed a lot. And people mostly blame board-exams for this stress. Board Exams are public exams conducted by Education Boards like CBSE, ISE and many other STATE Boards. 10th and 12th standard students of all the schools affiliated to a particular board have to appear in the Board Exams conducted by that particular board in month of March-April every year. In these exams question papers are centrally set by the board and students of different school are evaluated on the basis of their performance on one question paper. All the students belonging to a particular board face the question paper of the same difficulty level so the marks obtained by them in this exam is a better measure of the knowledge and problem solving skills acquired by them. If two students X and Y appear in the exam conducted by the same board and X gets higher marks than Y then one can safely conclude that most probably X is a better student that Y. This gives the Board Exams an edge over school exams, because in school exams different schools have different standards.
In some schools, question paper are tough, while in other schools question papers are relatively easy. In government schools, question papers are mostly based on the prescribed text books (e.g. NCERT for CBSE affiliated Govt. School). In private schools, question papers are mostly based on private publication books which the teachers of that school use for teaching.(Choice of the recommended book for teaching in a private school is very seldom based on the real quality of the text book- otherwise, why most Delhi teachers of private schools use PRIVATE PUBLICATION books in science for class 10th although NCERT is a better book than those books? Or Why most physics school teachers use a PRIVATE PUBLICATION(I do not want to take name!) book in Physics for 11th and 12th class although NCERT Physics book is many times more better in quality than that Private Publication's book in physics?).
So same marks in different schools do not mean the same. For example, suppose a student named A scores 80% marks in school X, and another student B too scores 80% marks in his school Y. You can not take guarantee that the level of knowledge of A and B are same because schools X and Y are not necessarily setting the question paper of same toughness level. So how will it be ascertained that which student is superior to which in terms of knowledge acquired.
Also it is not very uncommon for a lazy teacher in a school to not finish the entire syllabus of his subject. Then to appease the students of his/her class, he/she unofficially tells the students that questions will come in the exam from only those chapters which he/she has taught and not from the entire prescribed syllabus. So in this scenario, if board exams are now abolished, then how it will be ascertained that students are being taught the entire syllabus?- because, it is a fact, due to board exams every school finishes the entire 10th and 12th class syllabus, whereas, some part of 9th and 11th class syllabus remain untaught every year in many schools.
I will like to tell the readers of this page that they should not believe in the illogical argument advanced by many people who say that the sense of competition that board exam instills in the brain of a young student is bad for them. Competing against each other in an healthy way- I would say- is necessary for the overall evolution of a child personality. Competition is a part of human culture. One Company competes with the other. One state of India competes with the other state. India competes with other countries for trade, commerce and overall development. Competition can only be removed in an utopian imaginary society. Because competition is a necessity for the actual human society at every level of its existence. It is a fact that the urge to compete and do better than others in our life is one of the most important force that drives us to excel in our life. So why are be trying to remove competition from students' life?
Also, in school exams, the internal evaluation of answer sheets, by a teacher of the same school, is mostly not very impartial. If a teacher T likes a particular student P (because, for example, P had gifted him/her a costly item on last Teacher's Day or because P is a neighbor of T or because P un-officially takes tuition from T …) then P will definitely get better marks than an equally competent student Q who may not be a favourite of T. Whereas, in Board Exams, the evaluation of answer sheets are done by teachers who do not know the students personally. So they award marks only on the basis of the quality of the answers.
India is known world over for its engineers and doctors that it produces in huge numbers every year. The entire computer software industry and the BPO industry is fully dependent upon the availability of quality human resource. If this experiment of doing away with board exams proves to be a mistake in future and consequently the quality of human resource deteriorates with time, then our future generation will never pardon us for our action.
Instead of abolishing the practice of board exams, I would say, the government should strengthen the board system. There should be one board for 12th class in entire India. So that students throughout India study the same syllabus in their 11th and 12th class. This will help in strengthening the university education as well. State boards may be allowed to function upto 10th level so that students may study their state centric syllabus upto class 10th . But beyond that there should be one national level curriculum.
For reading my article on General Study Techniques for getting good marks CLICK HERE
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FOR any help or query contact me (J.P.Sinha) at my mobile+91 9871 222 426 (it is a New Delhi mobile number).Please call only between 8.00am and 10.00am, Indian Time

IISER Admissions - 2014

Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
Bhopal Kolkata Mohali Pune Thiruvananthapuram

IISERs  are a group of premier science education and research institutes in India. The institutes were created by the Government of India, through the Ministry of Human Resource Development under The National Institutes of Technology (Amendment) Bill, 2010

Admission Notice  for 5 year duration BS-MS Dual Degree Programme  in Basic Science

Eligibility : Class 12th pass with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. Admission is granted on the basis of the following three criteria - candidates must satisfy atleast one to be eligible to apply
  • Kishore Vaigyanik Protsahan Yojana (KVPY ) Basic Science Stream :
    students qualifying in SA(2012)/SX(2013)/SB(2013)
    Online Application under KVPY channel - 7th june to 7th july 2014
    Click here to Apply
  • JEE Advanced 2014 :
    students obtaining a minimum of 60% marks in class 12th and securing a place in the Rank List of JEE Advanced 2014 for the admission to IITs
    Online Application under JEE Advanced channel - 23 rd june to 7th july 2014
    Click here
    to Apply

  • State and Central Boards :
    (students applying through this channel must appear in IISER Aptitude Test)
    students passed class 12th in 2013 or appearing in 2014 in science stream with
    1) marks above or equal to the cutt-off percentage declared by DST as eligibility for INSPIRE fellowship ( for OBC candidates relaxation of 5% in DST cut-off. For SC/ST cut-off is 55% in the 12th board exam). 2)advisory note for the eligibility of Scholarship for Higher Education (SHE)   under the INSPIRE scheeme.
    Online Application under Board channel - 15th june to 10th july 2014
    Click here
    to Apply
NOTE : A student can apply through maore than one channel
 

Q: What is the intake through different channels?

  • Up to 25% seats in each category (General/SC/ST/OBC Non-creamy) through KVPY channel.
  • Up to 50% seats in each category (General/SC/ST/OBC Non-creamy) from KVPY + JEE (Advanced) channels.
  • Remaining seats in each category through State and Central Boards channel based on an Aptitude Test conducted by IISERs.

Q: What is the curriculum structure for BS-MS dual degree programme?

For the first four semesters, all students will take common courses in all disciplines (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics & Humanities). From the fifth semester onwards, the student may opt for courses in one or more areas. The final year will be devoted to a research project.

For more info visit the IISER Admissions Website

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Those students who are desirous of studying Physics and Maths from me can click here.

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Other relevant articles :
List of all my articles on IIT-JEE/PMT preparation:- This page contains the list of all the articles written by me on IIT-JEE and PMT preparation

Sunday, February 23, 2014

How to Study Physics ?

We discussed in the last article the importance of physics as a subject. We also saw that knowledge of physics is essential for understanding other sciences as well. Now comes the real question: How to start studying physics?

PREREQUISITE
For studying physics you must have good knowledge of mathematics and geometry. Mathematics is the language of physics so a student of physics is required to study lots of mathematics (concurrently with physics) to be able to understand physics.

You must have the tendency of understanding things. Some people think that they will manage by learning (memorizing facts) in physics. I would like to tell it very clearly to such people that learning without understanding will not be of much help in physics. Success in physics is possible only for those who have a strong tendency to understand things.

You must be able to draw and understand GRAPHS for situations that you analyse in physics. Graphs help us to better visualize a situation.

Very often you will be required to draw diagrams to visualize and better understand a
situation.

How to Begin
It has been experienced by scientists that every phenomenon of nature is directly or indirectly related to motion of some particle, object or to some radiation (which is again wave motion).For example, Chemical reaction is rearrangement of atoms (which is possible only if atoms move).When we touch a hot kettle and we feel its hotness,that becomes possible only because atoms of the kettle are vibrating more vigorously than atoms of our hand, and by touching our hand to the kettle we allow the atoms in our hand to come into intimate contact with atoms of the kettle body. When this happens the atoms of the kettle transfer some of their kinetic energy to those atoms of our hand which are touching them. Thus those atoms in our hand begin to vibrate with greater average speed. This generate a sensory wave that travels from the hand to the brain. The brain interprets the incoming sensory wave as the perception of hotness. Similarly all climatic phenomena depend upon the wind flow. We can cite unending list of examples to support the fact that motion is behind every phenomenon of nature.

So it is very important that we develop a very thorough understanding of motion before trying to understand other phenomena of nature. That is why the study of physics as a subject starts with studying MECHANICS,which is the physics and the maths of analysing motion. My suggestion to you is that you should make all your efforts to develop a proper understanding of MECHANICS.

You will be required to have a fair knowledge of Algebra, Coordinate Geometry, Trigonometry, Vector Algebra, Differentiation and Integration etc. in maths, to be able to understand Mechanics well. A good physics teacher will concurrently teach you the essentials of all these topics in maths to
enable you to understand Mechanics.
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For reading my article on General Study Techniques for getting good marks CLICK HERE

For reading my articles on IIT-JEE preparation go to the List of all my articles.
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Why Study Physics ? What is Physics ? Part-1

Physics is the most fundamental science. Knowledge of physics forms the base for all the branches of science and engineering. So for a science student it is very important to gain a basic knowledge of physics. That is why physics is a compulsory subject for science students in 11th and 12th class in India.  

What is Physics?

It is very easy to define chemistry or biology. Chemistry is the science that studies material transformations which occur in nature. Biology is the science that studies about Life and Processes related to Life. Chemistry and Biology have therefore a very well defined area of interest.

But if we consider physics, we see, in physics we study about motion, force, energy, light, heat,
gravitation, electricity, atoms, nucleus of atoms, molecules, planets, stars, universe etc. the list is endless. Thus we see, in physics we study about atoms, nucleus, electrons, protons, neutrons, quarks... at one extreme, and we study about galaxies and universe at the other extreme. And in physics we also study about everything that comes in between these two extremes. So what is left?
Nothing frankly! So we can say in physics we study about everything that is part of nature. That is why it is very difficult to define the scope of physics. But still if we like to define physics we can
say Physics is that branch of science in which we try to understand the rules by which the nature works at every level of its existence (from microscopic to the mega macroscopic)

People think that by studying science in general, and physics in particular, they will be able to answer all the WHY?, WHAT? Or HOW? questions. But mind you, that is not the aim of physics. Aim of physics is to understand the rules behind the working of nature. Yes, by gaining such understanding you will surely answer some WHY?, WHAT? or HOW? questions, but some questions may remain unanswered. For example, everybody knows that some particles(like electrons) posses a property called Electrical Charge. But why do they possess electric charge? Why there are two kinds of charges in nature whereas there is only one kind of mass? Why electrical force can be both attractive or repulsive whereas gravitational force is always attractive? There is no answer to these questions. These are facts. Yes, in future with the expansion in our knowledge about the rules of nature, we may answer some of these questions but today we can't. And even if we don't know the answers to these "why?" questions, then also the knowledges that we gained from the above facts are helpful to human race. The entire branch of electrical engineering is based on the fact that Electric Charge exists which can flow through a conducting wire to give Electric Current. Although we don't know why electric charge exists in the first place.

Since we study about the entire nature in physics that is why the knowledge gained in physics about nature is universally applicable. For example, Law of Conservation of Energy has been find to be true everywhere. Newton's Laws of motion are (at small speeds) true for every moving object, whether living or non-living or astronomical.

Knowledges about the rules of working of nature that we gain in physics are very useful for other sciences as well. For example, the knowledges about the structure of atoms or about how atoms can
combine to form molecules... etc have been generated in physics (in Quantum Mechanics). These knowledges form the foundation for chemistry. The subject of chemistry can't even begin if we do not
have a proper understanding of atoms and their structure. So we see chemistry is totally dependent upon physics for its foundations. That is why Physical Chemistry( which is “physics needed to
understand chemistry”) is one of the branch of chemistry which every chemistry student must study. Biology of modern times is totally dependent upon chemistry. Because today in biology, we know,
all life-processes are controlled by genes which are sequences of DNA( Deo-xyribonucleic Acid). Genes regulate life processes by chemically manufacturing hormones ( a chemical compound). So we see, chemistry depends upon physics and biology depends upon chemistry. Thus, we see, indirectly biology too depends upon physics. Biology directly needs the knowledge of physics too. For example, to understand the working of brain we need the knowledge of electromagnetic waves and their properties, because Neurons interact with one another through em-waves. Experimental biology uses the techniques and discoveries in physics directly for its benefit. For example, structure of cell ( building block of life) was known only with the help of Electron Microscope. Structure of DNA was understood with the help of techniques called X-ray crystallography.

That is why physics is called the mother of all sciences


For reading my article on General Study Techniques for getting good marks CLICK HERE

For reading my articles on IIT-JEE preparation go to the List of all my articles.

Those students who are desirous of studying Physics and Maths from me can click here.

For any help or query you can contact me (J.P.Sinha) on my mobile +91 9871 222 426 (it is a New Delhi mobile)Please call only between 8.00am and 10.00am IST

Score 90% or more in CBSE/ISC Board Exam and Go to Oxford University

According to a news report, published in the newspaper Hindustan Times (New Delhi Edition, Dated March 24, 2012), Oxford University vice-chancellor Andrew Hamilton during his media interview at IIT-Kharagpur has said that the doors of Oxford University are now open for top performing students of CBSE and ISC boards. He said "we have decided to accept class 12th examination results(of CBSE and ISC boards) for all Undergraduate Courses at Oxford". The student however must score 90% or more marks in five subjects in his/her board exam to become eligible to apply. Students can start applying from admission from October 2012.

Indian candidates applying for Science courses at Undergraduate level may be additionally required to take the IIT-JEE exam in India.

Oxford University is also planning to open a Campus in India.

Click here to read other articles written by me on education related topics.

Written by J.P.Sinha